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Umrechnungstabellen
| Themen |
Link |
|---|---|
| I. Conversiontable | Mehr dazu |
| II. Some useful nucleotide dimensions | Mehr dazu |
| III. Some useful cell dimensions | Mehr dazu |
| IV. Some useful concentrations | Mehr dazu |
| V. Some useful Conversiontables | Mehr dazu |
| Molecular weight (daltons) | 1µg | 1nmole |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 10 nmoles or 6 x 1015 molecules |
0.1 µg |
| 1,000 | 1 nmole or 6 x 1014 molecules |
1 µg |
| 10,000 | 100 pmoles or 6 x 1013 molecules |
10 µg |
| 20,000 | 50 pmoles or 3 x 1013 molecules |
20 µg |
| 30,000 | 33 pmoles or 2 x 1013 molecules |
30 µg |
| 40,000 | 25 pmoles or 1.5 x 1013 molecules |
40 µg |
| 50,000 |
20 pmoles or 1.2 x 1013 molecules |
50 µg |
| 60,000 |
17 pmoles or 1013 molecules |
60 µg |
| 70,000 |
14 pmoles or 8.6 x 1012 molecules |
70 µg |
| 80,000 |
12 pmoles or 7.5 x 1012 molecules |
80 µg |
| 90,000 |
11 pmoles or 6.6 x 1012 molecules |
90 µg |
| 100,000 |
10 pmoles or 6 x 1012 molecules |
100 µg |
| 120,000 |
8.3 pmoles or 5 x 1012 molecules |
120 µg |
| 140,000 |
7.1 pmoles or 4.3 x 1012 molecules |
140 µg |
| 160,000 |
6.3 pmoles or 3.8 x 1012 molecules |
160 µg |
| 180,000 |
5.6 pmoles or 3.3 x 1012 molecules |
180 µg |
| 200,000 |
5 pmoles or 3 x 1012 molecules |
200 µg |
1 cm of DNA ~ 3 x 106 nucleotides
| Organism | Base pairs/ haploid genome |
Base pairs/ diploid genome |
Length/cell |
Mass |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human |
3 x 109 | 6 x 109 | 2 meters (diploid) | 6 pg |
| Fly |
1.65 x 108 | 3.3 x 108 | 100 cm (diploid) | 0.3 pg |
| Yeast |
1.35 x 107 | 2.7 x 107 | 10 cm (diploid) | 0.03 pg |
| E. coli |
4.7 x 106 | - |
1.5 cm (diploid) | 0.0045 pg |
| SV40 |
5 x 103 | - |
1.7 nm |
0.000006 pg |
| Organism |
Dimensions |
Volume |
|---|---|---|
| S. cerevisiae |
5 µm | 66 µm3 |
| S. pombe | 2 x 7 µm | 22 µm3 |
| Mammalian cell | 10-20 µm | 500-4,000 µm3 |
| E. coli | 1 x 3 µm | 2 µm3 |
| Mammalian mitochondrion | 1 µm | 0.5 µm3 |
| Mammalian nucleus | 5-10 µm | 66-500 µm3 |
| Plant chloroplast | 1 x 4 µm | 3 µm3 |
| Bacteriophage lambda | 50 nm (head only) | 6.6 x 10-5 µm3 |
| Ribosome | 30 nm diameter | 1.4 x 10-5 µm3 |
| Globular monomeric protein | 5 nm diameter | 6.6 x 10-8 µm3 |
Total cell protein concentration:
Detergent soluble protein = 1-2 mg/ 107 mammalian cells or 100-200 mg/ ml for soluble proteins only.
Specific protein concentrations:
Nucleus (200 µm3):
* Abundant transcription factor: 1 nM (100,000 copies/ nucleus)
* Rare transcription factor: 10 pM (1,000 copies/ nucleus)
Serum
50-100 mg/ ml
Molar conversions for protein
| 100 pmol | µg |
|---|---|
| 10,000 Da protein | 1 |
| 30,000 Da protein | 3 |
| 100,000 Da protein | 10 |
Protein/ DNA conversions
1 kb of DNA encodes 333 amino acids ~/= 3.7 x 104 Da
| Protein | DNA |
|---|---|
| 10,000 Da | 270 dp |
| 30,000 Da | 810 dp |
| 100,000 Da |
2,7 dp |
Nucleic acid content of a typical human cell
| Content | Mass |
|---|---|
| DNA per cell | ~ 6 pg |
| Total RNA per cell | ~ 10-30 pg |
| Proportion of total RNA in nucelus | ~ 14% |
| DNA:RNA in nucleus | ~2:1 |
| Human genome size (haploid) | 3.3 x 109 bp |
| Coding sequences/ genomic DNA | 3% |
| Number of genes |
0.5-1 x 105 |
| Active genes |
1.5 x 104 |
| mRNA molecules |
2 x 105 - 1 x 106 |
| Typical mRNA size |
1900 nt |
RNA distribution in a typical mammalian cell
| RNA species | Relative amount |
|---|---|
| rRNA (28S, 18S, 5S) | 80-85% |
| tRNAs, snRNAs, low MW species |
15-20% |
| mRNAs | 1-5% |
RNA content in various cells and tissues
| Source | Total RNA | mRNA (µg) |
|---|---|---|
| Cell cultures (107 cells) | 30-500 | 0.3-25 |
| NIH/3T3 | 120 | 3 |
| HeLa | 150 | 3 |
| COS-7 | 350 | 5 |
| Mouse-developmental stages (per organism) | ||
| Unfertilized egg | 0.43 ng | nd |
| Oocyte | 0.35 ng | nd |
| 2-cell | 0.24 ng | nd |
| 8-16-cell | 0.69 ng | nd |
| 32-cell | 1.47 ng | nd |
| 13-day-old-embryo | 450 | 13 |
| Mouse tissue (100 mg) | ||
| Brain | 120 | 5 |
| Heart | 120 |
6 |
| Intestine | 150 |
2 |
| Kidney | 350 |
9 |
| Liver | 400 |
14 |
| Lung | 130 |
6 |
| Spleen | 350 |
7 |
nd = not determined
Human blood*: cell, DNA, RNA, and protein content
| |
Leukocytes | Thrombocytes | Erythrocytes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Function | Immune response | Wound closing | O2 & CO2 transport |
| Cells per ml | 4-7 x 106 | 3-4 x 108 | 5 x 109 |
| DNA content | 30-60 µg/ ml blood (6 pg/cell) |
- |
|
| RNA content | 1-5 µg/ ml blood | - |
|
| Hemoglobin content | - |
- |
~150 mg/ ml blood (30 pg/cell) |
| Plasma protein content | - |
60-80 mg/ ml | - |
* From a healthy individual. The leukocyte concentration can vary from 2 x 106 per ml in cases of immunosuppression, to 40 x 106 during inflammation, to 500 x 106 during leukemia. The DNA and RNA content will vary accordingly.
