Prävention des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und seiner Folgeerkrankungen

Um effektive Lebensstilinterventionsprogramme entwickeln zu können, die vollkommen auf die individuellen Belange einer Risikoperson für eine Typ 2 Diabetes Erkrankung zugeschnitten sind, muss noch mehr über die Mechanismen bekannt werden, welche das "Ansprechen" oder das "Nicht-Ansprechen" der Lebensstilintervention bestimmen. Hierzu ist eine äußerst genaue Phäno- und Genotypisierung von Personen notwendig. Mit diesem Hintergrund wurde im Jahr 2003 die TULIP-Studie (Tuebinger-Lebenstil-Interventions-Programm) begonnen. Die Studie schließt Personen mit einem Risikoprofil für Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus ein: Personen mit eingeschränkter Glucosetoleranz (IGT), aber auch Personen mit normaler Glukosetoleranz, die erstgradige Verwandte mit Typ 2 Diabetes oder einen Gestationsdiabetes in der Vorgeschichte haben oder übergewichtig (BMI = 27 kg/m²) sind. Die Intervention beinhaltet Ernährungsumstellung (Fettreduktion, Steigerung der Ballaststoffaufnahme) und Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität. In ersten Auswertungen der Studie konnten genetische und metabolische Faktoren identifiziert werden, die vor Beginn der Lebensstilintervention ein schlechteres Ansprechen gemessen an einer Veränderung der Insulinsensitivität oder Glukosetoleranz auf die Ernährungs- und Bewegungsmaßnahmen vorhersagen.

Liste aller aktuellen Publikationen bei PubMed

• Stefan N, Schick F, Häring HU. Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361: 2675-2676
• Fisher E, Stefan N, Saar K, Drogan D, Schulze MB, Fritsche A, Joost HG, Häring HU, Huebner N, Boeing H, Weikert C. Association of AHSG Gene Polymorphisms with Fetuin-A Plasma Levels and Cardiovascular Diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam Study. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009; 2: 607-613
• Haupt A, Thamer C, Heni M, Ketterer C, Machann J, Schick F, Machicao F, Stefan N, Claussen CD, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Staiger H. Gene variants of TCF7L2 influence weight loss and body composition during lifestyle intervention in a risk population for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2009 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
• Guthoff M, Grichisch Y, Canova C, Tschritter O, Veit R, Hallschmid M, Häring HU, Preissl H, Hennige AM, Fritsche A. Insulin Modulates Food-Related Activity in the Central Nervous System. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
• Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Celebi N, Staiger H, Machann J, Schick F, Cegan A, Elcnerova M, Schleicher E, Fritsche A, Häring HU. Circulating Palmitoleate strongly and independently predicts Insulin Sensitivity in Humans. Diabetes Care. 2009 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
• 't Hart LM, Simonis-Bik AM, Nijpels G, van Haeften TW, Schäfer SA, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Boomsma DI, Groenewoud MJ, Reiling E, van Hove EC, Diamant M, Kramer MH, Heine RJ, Maassen JA, Kirchhoff K, Machicao F, Häring HU, Slagboom PE, Willemsen G, Eekhoff EM, de Geus EJ, Dekker JM, Fritsche A. Combined risk allele score of eight type 2 diabetes genes is associated with reduced first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during hyperglycemic clamps. Diabetes. 2010; 59: 287-292
• Müssig K, Staiger H, Machicao F, Kirchhoff K, Guthoff M, Schäfer SA, Kantartzis K, Silbernagel G, Stefan N, Holst JJ, Gallwitz B, Häring HU, Fritsche A. Association of type 2 diabetes candidate polymorphisms in KCNQ1 with incretin and insulin secretion. Diabetes 2009: 58; 1715-1720
• Stefan N, Pfannenberg C, Häring HU. The importance of brown adipose tissue. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361: 416-417
• Schäfer SA, Müssig K, Staiger H, Machicao F, Stefan N, Gallwitz B, Häring HU, Fritsche A. A common genetic variant in WFS1 determines impaired glucagon-like peptide-1-induced insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2009: 52: 1075-1082
• Haupt A, Staiger H, Schäfer SA, Kirchhoff K, Guthoff M, Machicao F, Gallwitz B, Stefan N, Häring HU, Fritsche A. The risk allele load accelerates the age-dependent decline in beta cell function. Diabetologia. 2009; 52: 457-462
• Kantartzis K, Peter A, Machicao F, Machann J, Wagner S, Königsrainer I, Königsrainer A, Schick F, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N. Dissociation between fatty liver and insulin resistance in humans carrying a variant of the patatin-like phospholipase 3 gene. Diabetes 2009; 58: 2616-2623
• Kantartzis K, Thamer C, Peter A, Machann J, Schick F, Schraml C, Königsrainer A, Königsrainer I, Kröber S, Niess A, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N. High Cardiorespiratory Fitness is an independent Predictor of the Reduction in Liver Fat during a Lifestyle Intervention in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut 2009; 58: 1281-1288
• Weikert C, Stefan N, Schulze MB, Pischon T, Berger K, Joost HG, Häring HU, Boeing H, Fritsche A. Plasma Fetuin-A Levels and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke. Circulation 2008; 118: 2555-2562
• Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Machann J, Schick F, Thamer C, Rittig K, Balletshofer B, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Häring HU. Identification and Characterization of Metabolically Benign Obesity in Humans. Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168: 1609-1616
• Stefan N, Fritsche N, Weikert C, Boeing H, Joost HG, Häring HU, Schulze MB. Plasma Fetuin-A Levels and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2008 ; 57: 2762-2767
• Staiger H, Stancáková A, Zilinskaite J, Vänttinen M, Hansen T, Marini MA, Hammarstedt A, Jansson PA, Sesti G, Smith U, Pedersen O, Laakso M, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Häring HU. A candidate type 2 diabetes polymorphism near the HHEX locus affects acute glucose-stimulated insulin release in European populations: results from the EUGENE2 study. Diabetes 2008; 57: 514-517
• Schäfer SA, Tschritter O, Machicao F, Thamer C, Stefan N, Gallwitz B, Holst JJ, Dekker JM, 't Hart LM, Nijpels G, van Haeften TW, Häring HU, Fritsche A. Impaired glucagon-like peptide-1-induced insulin secretion in carriers of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene polymorphisms. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2443-2450
• Weyrich P, Stefan N, Haring HU, Laakso M, Fritsche A. Effect of genotype on success of lifestyle intervention in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. J Mol Med. 2007; 85: 107-17
• Weyrich P, Machicao F, Staiger H, Simon P, Thamer C, Machann J, Schick F, Guirguis A, Fritsche A, Stefan N, Haring HU. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase gamma 3 genetic variability in glucose and lipid metabolism in non-diabetic whites. Diabetologia. 2007; 50: 2097-106
• Thamer C, Machann J, Stefan N, Haap M, Schafer S, Brenner S, Kantartzis K, Claussen C, Schick F, Haring H, Fritsche A. High visceral fat mass and high liver fat are associated with resistance to lifestyle intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007; 15: 531-8
• Stefan N, Hennige AM, Staiger H, Schleicher E, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Circulating retinol-binding protein-4, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and insulin disposition index in obese and nonobese subjects: response to Broch et al. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: e91; author reply e92
• Stefan N, Hennige AM, Staiger H, Machann J, Schick F, Schleicher E, Fritsche A, Haring HU. High circulating retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with elevated liver fat but not with total, subcutaneous, visceral, or intramyocellular fat in humans. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 1173-8
• Staiger H, Machicao F, Stefan N, Tschritter O, Thamer C, Kantartzis K, Schafer SA, Kirchhoff K, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Polymorphisms within novel risk loci for type 2 diabetes determine beta-cell function. PLoS ONE. 2007; 2: e832
• Staiger H, Machicao F, Machann J, Schick F, Kuulasmaa T, Laakso M, Fritsche A, Stefan N, Haring HU. Genetic variation within the APPL locus is not associated with metabolic or inflammatory traits in a healthy White population. Diabet Med. 2007; 24: 817-22
• Schulze MB, Hoffmann K, Boeing H, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Mohlig M, Pfeiffer AF, Spranger J, Thamer C, Haring HU, Fritsche A, Joost HG. An accurate risk score based on anthropometric, dietary, and lifestyle factors to predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 510-5
• Schafer S, Kantartzis K, Machann J, Venter C, Niess A, Schick F, Machicao F, Haring HU, Fritsche A, Stefan N. Lifestyle intervention in individuals with normal versus impaired glucose tolerance. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007; 37: 535-43
• Rittig K, Thamer C, Machicao F, Rietig R, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Haring HU, Balletshofer B. The Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARG2 increases the effectiveness of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease by a lifestyle intervention. Diabetologia. 2007; 50: 1345-7
• Kantartzis K, Fritsche A, Machicao F, Stumvoll M, Machann J, Schick F, Haring HU, Stefan N. Upstream transcription factor 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with high antilipolytic insulin sensitivity and show gene-gene interactions. J Mol Med. 2007; 85: 55-61
• Fritsche A, Thamer C, Stefan N, Haring HU. [Gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.]. Internist (Berl). 2007;
• Tschritter O, Preissl H, Hennige AM, Stumvoll M, Porubska K, Frost R, Marx H, Klosel B, Lutzenberger W, Birbaumer N, Haring HU, Fritsche A. The cerebrocortical response to hyperinsulinemia is reduced in overweight humans: a magnetoencephalographic study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103: 12103-8
• Tschritter O, Machicao F, Stefan N, Schafer S, Weigert C, Staiger H, Spieth C, Haring HU, Fritsche A. A new variant in the human Kv1.3 gene is associated with low insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 91: 654-8
• Thamer C, Haap M, Heller E, Joel L, Braun S, Tschritter O, Haring H, Fritsche A. Beta cell function, insulin resistance and plasma adiponectin concentrations are predictors for the change of postprandial glucose in non-diabetic subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res. 2006; 38: 178-82
• Staiger H, Stefan N, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Haring HU. PPARGC1A mRNA levels of in vitro differentiated human skeletal muscle cells are negatively associated with the plasma oleate concentrations of the donors. Diabetologia. 2006; 49: 212-4
• Porubska K, Veit R, Preissl H, Fritsche A, Birbaumer N. Subjective feeling of appetite modulates brain activity: an fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2006; 32: 1273-80
• Machann J, Thamer C, Schnoedt B, Stefan N, Haring HU, Claussen CD, Fritsche A, Schick F. Hepatic lipid accumulation in healthy subjects: a comparative study using spectral fat-selective MRI and volume-localized 1H-MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 2006; 55: 913-7
• Kurtenbach A, Mayser HM, Jagle H, Fritsche A, Zrenner E. Hyperoxia, hyperglycemia, and photoreceptor sensitivity in normal and diabetic subjects. Vis Neurosci. 2006; 23: 651-61
• Kantartzis K, Rittig K, Balletshofer B, Machann J, Schick F, Porubska K, Fritsche A, Haring HU, Stefan N. The relationships of plasma adiponectin with a favorable lipid profile, decreased inflammation, and less ectopic fat accumulation depend on adiposity. Clin Chem. 2006; 52: 1934-42
• Kantartzis K, Fritsche A, Machicao F, Haring HU, Stefan N. The -8503 G/A polymorphism of the adiponectin receptor 1 gene is associated with insulin sensitivity dependent on adiposity. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 464
• Hennige AM, Sartorius T, Tschritter O, Preissl H, Fritsche A, Ruth P, Haring HU. Tissue selectivity of insulin detemir action in vivo. Diabetologia. 2006; 49: 1274-82
• Haap M, Heller E, Thamer C, Tschritter O, Stefan N, Fritsche A. Association of serum phosphate levels with glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in non-diabetic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006; 60: 734-9
• Weyrich P, Lammers R, Fritsche A, Machicao F, Haring HU, Stefan N. A novel functional polymorphism (-336A/G) in the promoter of the partitioning-defective protein-6alpha gene is associated with increased glucose tolerance and lower concentrations of serum non-esterified fatty acids. Diabetologia. 2005; 48: 669-74
• Weigert C, Thamer C, Brodbeck K, Guirguis A, Machicao F, Machann J, Schick F, Stumvoll M, Fritsche A, Haring HU, Schleicher ED. The -913 G/A glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase gene polymorphism is associated with measures of obesity and intramyocellular lipid content in nondiabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90: 1639-43
• Thamer C, Tschritter O, Haap M, Shirkavand F, Machann J, Fritsche A, Schick F, Haring H, Stumvoll M. Elevated serum GGT concentrations predict reduced insulin sensitivity and increased intrahepatic lipids. Horm Metab Res. 2005; 37: 246-51
• Thamer C, Stefan N, Stumvoll M, Haring H, Fritsche A. Reduced adiponectin serum levels in smokers. Atherosclerosis. 2005; 179: 421-2
• Stefan N, Schafer S, Machicao F, Machann J, Schick F, Claussen CD, Stumvoll M, Haring HU, Fritsche A. Liver fat and insulin resistance are independently associated with the -514C>T polymorphism of the hepatic lipase gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90: 4238-43
• Stefan N, Machicao F, Staiger H, Machann J, Schick F, Tschritter O, Spieth C, Weigert C, Fritsche A, Stumvoll M, Haring HU. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding adiponectin receptor 1 are associated with insulin resistance and high liver fat. Diabetologia. 2005; 48: 2282-91
• Stefan N, Machann J, Schick F, Claussen CD, Thamer C, Fritsche A, Haring HU. New imaging techniques of fat, muscle and liver within the context of determining insulin sensitivity. Horm Res. 2005; 64 Suppl 3: 38-44
• Stefan N, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Insulin resistance and congestive heart failure. Jama. 2005; 294: 2578; author reply 2578
• Staiger K, Stefan N, Staiger H, Brendel MD, Brandhorst D, Bretzel RG, Machicao F, Kellerer M, Stumvoll M, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Adiponectin is functionally active in human islets but does not affect insulin secretory function or beta-cell lipoapoptosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90: 6707-13
• Rosenstock J, Dailey G, Massi-Benedetti M, Fritsche A, Lin Z, Salzman A. Reduced hypoglycemia risk with insulin glargine: a meta-analysis comparing insulin glargine with human NPH insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28: 950-5
• Machann J, Thamer C, Schnoedt B, Stefan N, Stumvoll M, Haring HU, Claussen CD, Fritsche A, Schick F. Age and gender related effects on adipose tissue compartments of subjects with increased risk for type 2 diabetes: a whole body MRI/MRS study. Magma. 2005; 18: 128-37
• Machann J, Thamer C, Schnoedt B, Haap M, Haring HU, Claussen CD, Stumvoll M, Fritsche A, Schick F. Standardized assessment of whole body adipose tissue topography by MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005; 21: 455-62
• Kantartzis K, Fritsche A, Tschritter O, Thamer C, Haap M, Schafer S, Stumvoll M, Haring HU, Stefan N. The association between plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in humans depends on obesity. Obes Res. 2005; 13: 1683-91
• Haap M, Machicao F, Stefan N, Thamer C, Tschritter O, Schnuck F, Wallwiener D, Stumvoll M, Haring HU, Fritsche A. Genetic determinants of insulin action in polycystic ovary syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2005; 113: 275-81
• Thamer C, Machann J, Haap M, Stefan N, Heller E, Schnodt B, Stumvoll M, Claussen C, Fritsche A, Schick F, Haring H. Intrahepatic lipids are predicted by visceral adipose tissue mass in healthy subjects. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 2726-9
• Thamer C, Machann J, Haap M, Bachmann O, Wietek B, Dahl D, Tschritter O, Fritsche A, Jacob S, Schick F, Stumvoll M, Haring H. [Reduced insulin effect in subclinical fatty liver]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2004; 129: 872-5
• Thamer C, Haap M, Fritsche A, Haering H, Stumvoll M. Relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in a large heterogeneous population. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 1240
• Thamer C, Haap M, Bachmann O, Zur Nieden T, Tschritter O, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Jacob S, Stumvoll M, Haring H. Serum adiponectin levels predict the effect of short-term dietary interventions on insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetologia. 2004; 47: 1303-5
• t Hart LM, Fritsche A, Rietveld I, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Machicao F, Stumvoll M, van Duijn CM, Haring HU, Heine RJ, Maassen JA, van Haeften TW. Genetic factors and insulin secretion: gene variants in the IGF genes. Diabetes. 2004; 53 Suppl 1: S26-30
• Stumvoll M, Fritsche A, t'Hart LM, Machann J, Thamer C, Tschritter O, Van Haeften TW, Jacob S, Dekker JM, Maassen JA, Machicao F, Schick F, Heine RJ, Haring H. The Gly482Ser variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 is not associated with diabetes-related traits in non-diabetic German and Dutch populations. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2004; 112: 253-7
• Stefan N, Stumvoll M, Machicao F, Koch M, Haring HU, Fritsche A. C825T polymorphism of the G protein beta3 subunit is associated with obesity but not with insulin sensitivity. Obes Res. 2004; 12: 679-83
• Stefan N, Stumvoll M, Haring HU, Fritsche A. Adiponectin in youth: response to Bacha et al. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 1519-20; author reply 1520-1
• Stefan N, Fritsche A, Machicao F, Tschritter O, Haring HU, Stumvoll M. The Gly1057Asp polymorphism in IRS-2 interacts with obesity to affect beta cell function. Diabetologia. 2004; 47: 759-61
• Staiger H, Kaltenbach S, Staiger K, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Guirguis A, Peterfi C, Weisser M, Machicao F, Stumvoll M, Haring HU. Expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA in human skeletal muscle cells is related to in vivo parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Diabetes. 2004; 53: 2195-201
• Machicao F, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Guirguis A, Weisser M, Stumvoll M, Haring HU. Association of the -514C-->T polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) promoter with elevated fasting insulin concentrations, but not insulin resistance, in non-diabetic Germans. Horm Metab Res. 2004; 36: 303-6
• Fritsche A, Machicao F, Staiger H, Haring HU, Stumvoll M. Lack of association between metabolic traits and the -512 polymorphism in FOXC2 in german people with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetologia. 2004; 47: 756-7
• Fritsche A, Haring H, Stumvoll M. [White blood cell count as a predictor of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2004; 129: 244-8
• Fritsche A, Haring H. At last, a weight neutral insulin? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004; 28 Suppl 2: S41-6
• Fritsche A. [Oral diabetic treatment is no longer enough. Making a successful transition to insulin therapy (interview by Dr. Judith Neumaier)]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2004; 146: 60
• Tschritter O, Fritsche A, Thamer C, Haap M, Shirkavand F, Rahe S, Staiger H, Maerker E, Haring H, Stumvoll M. Plasma adiponectin concentrations predict insulin sensitivity of both glucose and lipid metabolism. Diabetes. 2003; 52: 239-43
• Tschritter O, Fritsche A, Stefan N, Haap M, Thamer C, Bachmann O, Dahl D, Maerker E, Teigeler A, Machicao F, Haring H, Stumvoll M. Increased insulin clearance in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 Pro12Ala. Metabolism. 2003; 52: 778-83
• Tschritter O, Fritsche A, Shirkavand F, Machicao F, Haring H, Stumvoll M. Assessing the shape of the glucose curve during an oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 1026-33
• Thamer C, Stumvoll M, Niess A, Tschritter O, Haap M, Becker R, Shirkavand F, Bachmann O, Rett K, Volk A, Haring H, Fritsche A. Reduced skeletal muscle oxygen uptake and reduced beta-cell function: two early abnormalities in normal glucose-tolerant offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 2126-32
• Thamer C, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Stumvoll M, Haring H. No influence of the PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala genotype on serum adiponectin concentrations in healthy Europeans. Metabolism. 2003; 52: 798; author reply 798-9
• Thamer C, Machann J, Bachmann O, Haap M, Dahl D, Wietek B, Tschritter O, Niess A, Brechtel K, Fritsche A, Claussen C, Jacob S, Schick F, Haring HU, Stumvoll M. Intramyocellular lipids: anthropometric determinants and relationships with maximal aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88: 1785-91
• Stumvoll M, Haring H, Fritsche A. For debate: Starling's curve of the pancreas--overuse of a concept? Horm Metab Res. 2003; 35: 391-5
• Staiger H, Tschritter O, Machann J, Thamer C, Fritsche A, Maerker E, Schick F, Haring HU, Stumvoll M. Relationship of serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations with body fat distribution in humans. Obes Res. 2003; 11: 368-72
• Schiekofer S, Andrassy M, Chen J, Rudofsky G, Schneider J, Wendt T, Stefan N, Humpert P, Fritsche A, Stumvoll M, Schleicher E, Haring HU, Nawroth PP, Bierhaus A. Acute hyperglycemia causes intracellular formation of CML and activation of ras, p42/44 MAPK, and nuclear factor kappaB in PBMCs. Diabetes. 2003; 52: 621-33
• Haap M, Fritsche A, Mensing HJ, Haring HU, Stumvoll M. Association of high serum ferritin concentration with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in healthy people. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 139: 869-71
• Fritsche A, Stumvoll M, Haring HU. [Insulin secretion and aging. Implications for insulin therapy in the geriatric patient with diabetes mellitus]. Med Klin (Munich). 2003; 98: 287-91
• Fritsche A, Schweitzer MA, Haring HU. Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 138: 952-9
• Bonadonna RC, Stumvoll M, Fritsche A, Muggeo M, Haring H, Bonora E, van Haeften TW. Altered homeostatic adaptation of first- and second-phase beta-cell secretion in the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes: studies with a minimal model to assess beta-cell function. Diabetes. 2003; 52: 470-80
• Tschritter O, Stumvoll M, Machicao F, Holzwarth M, Weisser M, Maerker E, Teigeler A, Haring H, Fritsche A. The prevalent Glu23Lys polymorphism in the potassium inward rectifier 6.2 (KIR6.2) gene is associated with impaired glucagon suppression in response to hyperglycemia. Diabetes. 2002; 51: 2854-60
• Thamer C, Machann J, Tschritter O, Haap M, Wietek B, Dahl D, Bachmann O, Fritsche A, Jacob S, Stumvoll M, Schick F, Haring HU. Relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and intramyocellular lipid stores in humans. Horm Metab Res. 2002; 34: 646-9
• Stumvoll M, Tschritter O, Fritsche A, Staiger H, Renn W, Weisser M, Machicao F, Haring H. Association of the T-G polymorphism in adiponectin (exon 2) with obesity and insulin sensitivity: interaction with family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002; 51: 37-41
• Stumvoll M, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Madaus A, Tschritter O, Koch M, Machicao F, Haring H. Interaction effect between common polymorphisms in PPARgamma2 (Pro12Ala) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (Gly972Arg) on insulin sensitivity. J Mol Med. 2002; 80: 33-8
• Stumvoll M, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Clinical characterization of insulin secretion as the basis for genetic analyses. Diabetes. 2002; 51 Suppl 1: S122-9
• Hennige AM, Fritsche A, Strack V, Weigert C, Mischak H, Borboni P, Renn W, Haring HU, Kellerer M. PKC zeta enhances insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent mitogenic activity in the rat clonal beta cell line RIN 1046-38. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002; 290: 85-90
• Fritsche A, Madaus A, Stefan N, Tschritter O, Maerker E, Teigeler A, Haring H, Stumvoll M. Relationships among age, proinsulin conversion, and beta-cell function in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes. 2002; 51 Suppl 1: S234-9

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