Metabolic regulation and manipulation of immune cell function in tissues

The research group led by Katrin Böttcher explores how immune cell function is modulated by tissue-specific cues and local microenvironments. 

Our aim is to understand mechanisms of immune cell dysfunction in cancer development, progression and resistance to immunotherapy.  Primarily focusing on hepatobiliary malignancies, we investigate the contribution of tissue niches, cellular networks, as well as metabolic and molecular pathways to anti-cancer immune responses. Recent work by us and others has highlighted the role of innate-like mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells for cancer development. Therefore, in collaboration with our partners at the University of Tübingen and beyond, we explore how microenvironmental changes in diseases that predispose to cancer development, such as metabolic diseases and chronic viral infections, affect the role of MAIT cells in cancer development. Further focus areas of the group include spatial analysis of immune cells in human tissues, as well as engineering and manipulation of immune cell function. 

Our work stands at the intersection of immunology and clinical application, aiming to advance treatments for hepatobiliary cancers and related hepatological conditions.

Katrin Böttcher is a physician scientist interested in understanding how tissue- and disease-specific cues shape the functionality of immune cells in order to develop personalised, immune-targeted therapeutic strategies for solid cancers.
Katrin graduated in Medicine from the University of Bonn in 2013, which was followed by a PhD and postdoc under the supervision of Prof. Massimo Pinzani at University College London (UK) studying immunological and metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. In 2018, Katrin returned to Germany and established an independent research group at the TUM University Hospital in Munich, which was supported by several competitive grants from the German research foundation, Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation, German Cancer Aid and Wilhelm Sander Stiftung. Katrin joined the University of Tübingen in 2025 as a consultant physician at the Department of Internal Medicine I and research group leader at the M3 Research Center.

  • Clinical Department of Internal Medicine II, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich

Wissenschaftliche Abbildung zum Forschungsgebiet
Tissue micro-environment
immune modulation
Immuno-metabolism
MAIT cells
as cellular targets for therapy of solid cancers

Selected publications

  • 2025

    Polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced metabolic exhaustion and ferroptosis impair the anti-tumour function of MAIT cells in MASLD

    Deschler S, Pohl-Topcu J, Ramsauer L, Meiser P, Erlacher S, Schenk RP, Maurer HC, Shen P, Kager J, Zink J, Pistrenko K, Monte ER, Weber J, Wasmaier L, Laschinger M, Hüser N, Geisler F, Thorburn D, Nieß H, Wiedemann GM, Zischka H, Heikenwälder M, Kleigrewe K, Mogler C, Böttcher JP, Knolle PA, Schmid RM, Böttcher K. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced metabolic exhaustion and ferroptosis impair the anti-tumour function of MAIT cells in MASLD.

    J Hepatol. 2025 Dec;83(6):1364-1378. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.06.006. Epub 2025 Jun 19. PMID: 40543602.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.06.006
  • 2025

    Early mortality in atezolizumab/bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma is driven by impaired liver function and alterations of systemic immunity. JHep Reports

    Piseddu I, Jochheim LS, Boettcher K, Scheiner B, Sinner F, Gairing SJ, Thaler M, Enssle S, Karin M, Zarka V, Philipp A, Thalmeier A, Gaertig J, Balcar L, Schütte JM, Schneider JS, Ondrejkova K, Rau M, Weich A, Anz D, Berger K, Schulz C, Lange CM, Öcal O, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Ricke J, Ehmer U, Venerito M, Foerster F, Pinter M, Geier A, Mayerle J, De Toni EN, Reiter FP, Ben Khaled N. Early mortality in atezolizumab/bevacizumab for HCC is associated with impaired liver function and alterations of systemic immunity.

    JHEP Rep. 2025 Jul 5;7(11):101513. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101513. PMID: 41635626; PMCID: PMC12861967.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101513
  • 2025

    Loss of FXR or Bile Acid-dependent Inhibition accelerate carcinogenesis of Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma

    Baumeister, Theresa & Proaño-Vasco, Andrea & Metwaly, Amira & Kleigrewe, Karin & Kuznetsov, Alexander & Schömig, Linus & Borgmann, Martin & Khiat, Mohammed & Anand, Akanksha & Strangmann, Julia & Böttcher, Katrin & Haller, Dirk & Dunkel, Andreas & Somoza, Veronika & Reiter, Sinah & Meng, Chen & Thimme, Robert & Schmid, Roland & Patil, Deepa & Quante, Michael. (2025). Loss of FXR or Bile Acid-dependent Inhibition Accelerate Carcinogenesis of Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

    Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 19. 101505. 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101505.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101505
  • 2024

    Intrinsic Immune Response of HBV/HDV-Infected Cells and Corresponding Innate (Like) Immune Cell Activation

    Groth C, Wupper S, Gnouamozi GE, Böttcher K, Cerwenka A. Intrinsic Immune Response of HBV/HDV-Infected Cells and Corresponding Innate (Like) Immune Cell Activation.

    Livers. 2024; 4(4):562-593. https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4040040

    https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4040040
  • 2024

    Evaluation of prognostic scores in patients with HCC undergoing first-line immunotherapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab

    Gairing SJ, Mildenberger P, Gile J, Artusa F, Scheiner B, Leyh C, Lieb S, Sinner F, Jörg V, Fruendt T, Himmelsbach V, Abedin N, Sahin C, Böttcher K, Schuhbaur J, Labuhn S, Korolewicz J, Fulgenzi CAM, D'Alessio A, Zanuso V, Hucke F, Röhlen N, Ben Khaled N, Ramadori E, Müller L, Weinmann A, Kloeckner R, Galle PR, Tran NH, Venkatesh SK, Teufel A, Ebert M, De Toni EN, Waldschmidt DT, Marquardt JU, Bettinger D, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Geier A, Reiter FP, Rimassa L, Pinato DJ, Roderburg C, Ettrich T, Bitzer M, Scheble V, Ehmer U, Berres ML, Finkelmeier F, Gonzalez-Carmona MA, von Felden J, Schulze K, Venerito M, van Bömmel F, Jochheim LS, Pinter M, Mohr R, Ilyas SI, Schmidtmann I, Foerster F. Evaluation of prognostic scores in patients with HCC undergoing first-line immunotherapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab.

    JHEP Rep. 2024 Dec 5;7(3):101295. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101295. PMID: 40059970; PMCID: PMC11889551.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101295
  • 2024

    Decreased overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma during the COVID-19 pandemic

    Bauer U, Fütterer C, Braren RF, Trifonov P, Schmid RM, Böttcher K, Ehmer U. Decreased overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Dec 17;10:9. doi: 10.21037/tgh-24-54. PMID: 39944589; PMCID: PMC11811565.

    https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-24-54
  • 2024

    Atezolizumab/bevacizumab or lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Multicenter real-world study with focus on bleeding and thromboembolic events

    Ben Khaled N, Möller M, Jochheim LS, Leyh C, Ehmer U, Böttcher K, Pinter M, Balcar L, Scheiner B, Weich A, Leicht HB, Zarka V, Ye L, Schneider J, Piseddu I, Öcal O, Rau M, Sinner F, Venerito M, Gairing SJ, Förster F, Mayerle J, De Toni EN, Geier A, Reiter FP. Atezolizumab/bevacizumab or lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Multicenter real-world study with focus on bleeding and thromboembolic events.

    JHEP Rep. 2024 Apr 8;6(6):101065. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101065. PMID: 38798717; PMCID: PMC11126929.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101065
  • 2021

    Extracorporeal multiorgan support including CO2-removal with the ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system for COVID-19: A case report

    Huber W, Lorenz G, Heilmaier M, Böttcher K, Sahm P, Middelhoff M, Ritzer B, Schulz D, Bekka E, Hesse F, Poszler A, Geisler F, Spinner C, Schmid RM, Lahmer T. Extracorporeal multiorgan support including CO2-removal with the ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system for COVID-19: A case report.

    Int J Artif Organs. 2021 Apr;44(4):288-294. doi: 10.1177/0391398820961781. Epub 2020 Sep 28. PMID: 32985328; PMCID: PMC8041450.

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0391398820961781
  • 2021

    Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients

    Deschler S, Kager J, Erber J, Fricke L, Koyumdzhieva P, Georgieva A, Lahmer T, Wiessner JR, Voit F, Schneider J, Horstmann J, Iakoubov R, Treiber M, Winter C, Ruland J, Busch DH, Knolle PA, Protzer U, Spinner CD, Schmid RM, Quante M, Böttcher K. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients.

    Viruses. 2021 Feb 3;13(2):241. doi: 10.3390/v13020241. PMID: 33546489; PMCID: PMC7913667.

    https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020241
  • 2021

    AICAR and compound C negatively modulate HCC-induced primary human hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro

    Böttcher K, Longato L, Marrone G, Mazza G, Ghemtio L, Hall A, Luong TV, Caruso S, Viollet B, Zucman-Rossi J, Pinzani M, Rombouts K. AICAR and compound C negatively modulate HCC-induced primary human hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro.

    Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021 Apr 1;320(4):G543-G556. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00262.2020. Epub 2021 Jan 6. PMID: 33406006.

    https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00262.2020
  • 2019

    Cirrhotic Human Liver Extracellular Matrix 3D Scaffolds Promote Smad-Dependent TGF-β1 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition

    Mazza G, Telese A, Al-Akkad W, Frenguelli L, Levi A, Marrali M, Longato L, Thanapirom K, Vilia MG, Lombardi B, Crowley C, Crawford M, Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, Marrone G, Bottcher K, Robinson B, Del Rio Hernandez A, Tamburrino D, Spoletini G, Malago M, Hall AR, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Luong TV, De Coppi P, Pinzani M, Rombouts K. Cirrhotic Human Liver Extracellular Matrix 3D Scaffolds Promote Smad-Dependent TGF-β1 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition.

    Cells. 2019 Dec 28;9(1):83. doi: 10.3390/cells9010083. PMID: 31905709; PMCID: PMC7017194.

    https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9010083
  • 2018

    MAIT cells are chronically activated in patients with autoimmune liver disease and promote pro-fibrogenic hepatic stellate cell activation

    Böttcher K, Rombouts K, Saffioti F, Roccarina D, Rosselli M, Hall A, Luong T, Tsochatzis EA, Thorburn D, Pinzani M. MAIT cells are chronically activated in patients with autoimmune liver disease and promote profibrogenic hepatic stellate cell activation.

    Hepatology. 2018 Jul;68(1):172-186. doi: 10.1002/hep.29782. Epub 2018 May 9. PMID: 29328499.

    https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29782
  • 2018

    Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis

    Alberts R, de Vries EMG, Goode EC, Jiang X, Sampaziotis F, Rombouts K, Böttcher K, Folseraas T, Weismüller TJ, Mason AL, Wang W, Alexander G, Alvaro D, Bergquist A, Björkström NK, Beuers U, Björnsson E, Boberg KM, Bowlus CL, Bragazzi MC, Carbone M, Chazouillères O, Cheung A, Dalekos G, Eaton J, Eksteen B, Ellinghaus D, Färkkilä M, Festen EAM, Floreani A, Franceschet I, Gotthardt DN, Hirschfield GM, Hoek BV, Holm K, Hohenester S, Hov JR, Imhann F, Invernizzi P, Juran BD, Lenzen H, Lieb W, Liu JZ, Marschall HU, Marzioni M, Melum E, Milkiewicz P, Müller T, Pares A, Rupp C, Rust C, Sandford RN, Schramm C, Schreiber S, Schrumpf E, Silverberg MS, Srivastava B, Sterneck M, Teufel A, Vallier L, Verheij J, Vila AV, Vries B, Zachou K; International PSC Study Group, The UK PSC Consortium; Chapman RW, Manns MP, Pinzani M, Rushbrook SM, Lazaridis KN, Franke A, Anderson CA, Karlsen TH, Ponsioen CY, Weersma RK. Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

    Gut. 2018 Aug;67(8):1517-1524. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313598. Epub 2017 Aug 4. PMID: 28779025; PMCID: PMC5797498.

    https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313598
  • 2018

    The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase-pH axis: A key regulator of the profibrogenic phenotype of human hepatic stellate cells

    Marrone G, De Chiara F, Böttcher K, Levi A, Dhar D, Longato L, Mazza G, Zhang Z, Marrali M, Fernández-Iglesias A, Hall A, Luong TV, Viollet B, Pinzani M, Rombouts K. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase-pH axis: A key regulator of the profibrogenic phenotype of human hepatic stellate cells.

    Hepatology. 2018 Sep;68(3):1140-1153. doi: 10.1002/hep.30029. Epub 2018 Jul 16. PMID: 29663481.

    https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30029
  • 2017

    Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and the methodological barriers to the development of anti-fibrogenic agents

    Böttcher K, Pinzani M. Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and the methodological barriers to the development of anti-fibrogenic agents.

    Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017 Nov 1;121:3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.016. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28600202.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.016
  • 2017

    TRAIL regulatory receptors constrain human hepatic stellate cell apoptosis

    Singh HD, Otano I, Rombouts K, Singh KP, Peppa D, Gill US, Böttcher K, Kennedy PTF, Oben J, Pinzani M, Walczak H, Fusai G, Rosenberg WMC, Maini MK. TRAIL regulatory receptors constrain human hepatic stellate cell apoptosis.

    Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 17;7(1):5514. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05845-5. PMID: 28717244; PMCID: PMC5514093.

    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05845-5
  • 2014

    Transfer of MHC-class-I molecules among liver sinusoidal cells facilitates hepatic immune surveillance

    Schölzel K, Schildberg FA, Welz M, Börner C, Geiger S, Kurts C, Heikenwälder M, Knolle PA, Wohlleber D. Transfer of MHC-class-I molecules among liver sinusoidal cells facilitates hepatic immune surveillance.

    J Hepatol. 2014 Sep;61(3):600-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.028. Epub 2014 May 4. PMID: 24798625.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.028

Reviews

  • 2024

    Interplay between Hepatitis D Virus and the Interferon Response

    Zhang Z, Urban S. Interplay between Hepatitis D Virus and the Interferon Response.

    Viruses. 2020 Nov 20;12(11):1334. doi: 10.3390/v12111334. PMID: 33233762; PMCID: PMC7699955.

    https://doi.org/10.3390/v12111334
  • 2017

    Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and the methodological barriers to the development of anti-fibrogenic agents

    Böttcher K, Pinzani M. Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and the methodological barriers to the development of anti-fibrogenic agents.

    Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017 Nov 1;121:3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.016. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28600202.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.016